They often live in groups. The variance in the forms of life and the myriad of diversity has led many men to ask how this has come to be. Module 2: The Digestive System. Quadrupedalism – the arms and legs are of more or less equal length and importance eg lemurs. Probably opportunist feeders. ... Level 3. The primates are the order containing the humans, apes, monkeys and lemurs. H.Neanderthalis used Mousterian tools and began to attach stone tools to handles. The Diploma may also be a beneficial qualification for students looking to go directly into employment (in the healthcare sector), where Level 3 qualifications are required. It is an Extended Certificate equivalent to 1 A Level. {disadvantage}. Bipedalism – walking on two legs eg humans. 6. Molecular evidence is undeniable and shows a high degree of homogeneity. Interactive timeline (excellent link!) A Change of Environment. The greatest variability is found within African populations which are the oldest. Here's a pop quiz. The cranial capacity and shape of the skull can indicate ability for speech / language / tool making ability / high intelligence (must have consequence of high intelligence). View LearnCoach’s step-by-step video playlist. A+ Programme Level 3 Extended Certificate in Applied Human Biology; A+ Programme Level 3 Extended Certificate in Applied Human Biology. This topic covers how we have come to be over the last 170,000 years (modern H. sapiens) as well as looking at our divergence from the ape lineage around 7 million years ago. say that it would be a not unreasonable inference that it was a habitual biped because it shares characteristics with other hominids known to be bipedal. The way in which the skeleton has been buried can indicate the development of spititual beliefs / greater level of care / sign of respect. By being settled in one place only some people would be toolmakers which enabled better specialised tools for better hunting / opportunity for learning from specialists (specialisation of roles). StudyTime is an online platform dedicated to helping NZ kids make the most of high school. This test started at and you can no longer enter the test. The BTEC National Extended Certificate is a two year advanced course equivalent to one A Level, and is designed to provide a specialist work-related qualification in the field of Applied Human Biological Science. Hominins refers to living and fossil species belonging to the human lineage. The climate became drier and the forests of what is now Africa and Asia contracted. Absorbs shock – smoother motion & “spring”, Toes in line  improved locomotion as big, Increased support of vertical mass (directly weighing down on knee joint), Allows better weight distribution; balance (Centre Of Gravity above knee), therefore more efficient motion, Not needed for brachiating (moving in trees), Foramen magnum at back,– gorilla is quadrupedal and relies on nuchal crest / neck muscles to keep head upright. Fingers became less curved and the thumb fully opposable, there was an increase in dexterity. This test must be completed on a Chrome browser. By registering you are agreeing to LearnCoach's terms and conditions. Knuckle walking – walking on the backs of the middle parts of the third and forth fingers of each hand eg chimpanzee, 3. The answer is evolution. Intial migration of early Homo, such as H.erectus, H.heidelbergensis and H.neanderthalis, did not contribute to modern humans, but there was a second wave of new humans out of Africa approx 200 000 years ago. Study Hours. The production of and the material used in the ‘worked’ fragments can be compared to sites of the same age, to establish a broader understanding about a particular tool culture. Biological evolution is fast while cultural evolution is slow. The material used and the method used in making the tools can show that it had been produced at a different site. •With more food available, larger populations could be supported [advantage]. Anatomy and Human Biology major. •height makes her more visible to predators(vulnerability implied), • Upright: Less likelihood of overheating when walking in the open / doing other activities. In a more fragmented woodland the hominids would have to travel further per day for resources. •Climate warming meant that agriculture appeared suddenly in many places as crops could be grown there [change]. Digits are long and mobile. Bipedals have a S shaped backbone. Acheulian tools required more planning to make and more stages in their manufacture. Called Upper Palaeolithic tools. H. habilis was known as the Handy man and made Oldowan tools. The ultimate guide to this topic that beats any text book is the Waikato University website. Occipital condyles - sides of the FM, smooth, rounded surfaces where the atlas vertebra rest. Tools have progressed from the basic removal of stone flakes to create tear-drop shaped hand axes in the Acheulean culture. The Anatomy and Human Biology major allows you to explore the fascinating concept of what it means to be human in an integrative way, combining studies of the education, behaviour and biology of human beings with current social and ethical issues. *By proceeding to make payment for your course, you acknowledge and agree to EMD UK’s terms and conditions. 7. Reduced olfactory centre of the brain (as vision became more important than smell), Colour vision – allows primates to tell when fruit is ripe. 91606 Demonstrate understanding of trends in human evolution. Terms in this set (52) Acheulian. download the PDF file. 5 digits (fingers and toes) per hand or foot. We'll even help you along the way. (caves, temporary settlement, permanent settlement). The valgus angle in her femur to bring feet / knees beneath hips/ directly below the centre of gravity thus indicating bipedalism. Human biology (SK299) starts once a year – in October. forest it would have been easier to reach food.In both habitats movement is more efficient. Human Biology OLQA (Level 3 Diploma) A distance learning course is the ideal way to gain a Level 3 Diploma in Human Biology. Test. An introduction to mammals and the primates, Changes in skull and endocranial features, Changes in the manipulative ability of the hand, Changes in skull/ endocranial (inside skull), abstract thought (communication, language, art), Spiritual / religious / afterlife beliefs, http://sci.waikato.ac.nz/evolution/HumanEvolution.shtml, http://lens.auckland.ac.nz/index.php/Pacific_Migration. 7. Normally here the question compares a type of ape with a Homin/ H. sapiens. Evolution is any change in the allele frequencies of inherited traits in a population that occurs from one generation to the next. H. neanderthalis – intelligent, lived in caves, built stone walls, dressed in hides, buried their dead, had strong social bonds. Humans- Have brains about 1350cc. Foramen magnum is centred under the skull – H sapiens is fully bipedal with head balanced on spine. head (cranial capacity) than erectus infants. Environmental change brought new selection pressures. An animal or machine that usually moves in a bipedal manner is known as a biped, What was driving it? They (generally)give birth to live young, 5. H. georgicus is not associated with fire or the ability to produce the more advanced tool culture for accessing high protein food, thought necessary to survive outside of Africa. However, this meant that there was more waste to deal with, potentially bringing pests and diseases [disadvantage]. Culture requires intelligence and communication, Areas of the brain essential for structure and sense of speech, Wernicke’s area – concerned with comprehension of language. H.erectus fossil sites show evidence of Acheulian tools. the idea that death was not the end and the mammoth shoulder blade could be used for protection in the next life. Awarding body Pearson . Other scientists have pointed out the foramen magnum (the hole through which the spinal cord exits the skull) of Toumai is positioned towards the back of the skull as in apes, indicating that the skull was held forward and not balanced on top of an erect body. The syllabus includes the main theoretical concepts which are fundamental to the subject, a section on some current applications of Biology, and a strong emphasis on advanced practical skills. It will be looking at the overall skeleton or a section such as the limbs (legs and arms), feet/hand, or skull. Mitochondrial DNA analysis is flawed because; Present-day patterns cannot show links that become extinct. Only debatable evidence that they made tools, and no evidence that they had home bases or shared food. Increased diameter of inlet in sapiens so modern infants are born with a proportionally larger. Essential for remembering kinship lines and tribal history, Better hearing and listening skills as a result of speech, drawings of pictures and symbols on cave walls, bone carvings, clay statues, (hunter-gatherer, domestication of plants and animals). (Click to see full size). As they progress through the course, students will produce a portfolio of work, and be assessed on practical assignments, experimental work, research tasks and project work. H. erectus skulls show increased cranial capacity and fossil sites a more advanced Acheulian tool culture, which would have been better for hunting and scavenging. They (generally) have hair and sweat glands, 3. Foramen magnum more forward –Australopithecus is mostly bipedal but relies on nuchal crest / neck muscles to keep head upright. madsseaston. click here to The (reduction in) sagittal crest / zygomatic arch / jaw size / tooth shape or size can indicate dietary change / cooked food. The unit will build upon the Level 2 Anatomy and Physiology, allowing you to instruct to a wider audience.